For a basic understanding why adapters are useful, have a look at the configuration documentation.
You can build your own configuration adapter. Want to know how? Have a look at the extending PHPBU section
Adapter to use .env files to load environment variables.
Example 3.3: Adapter definition
<adapter type="dotenv" name="myName"> <option name="file" value="my-dot-env-dir/.env" /> </adapter>
Adapter to use PHP array config files.
Example 3.6: Adapter definition
<adapter type="array" name="myName"> <option name="file" value="my-config-dir/config.php" /> </adapter>
Adapter to use PHP constant config files.
Example 3.9: Adapter definition
<adapter type="constant" name="myName"> <option name="file" value="my-config-dir/config.php" /> </adapter>